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Accountability definition refers to the systematic arrangements in blockchain networks that, through technical means and governance structures, ensure participants (including validator nodes, developers, token holders, etc.) are responsible for their decisions and actions. It encompasses elements of transparency measures, record-keeping, power distribution, incentive alignment, and penalty mechanisms designed to maintain network integrity and prevent abuse of power.

Throughput is a performance metric that measures a blockchain network's processing capacity, typically expressed in Transactions Per Second (TPS), reflecting the number of transactions a blockchain system can verify and record within a unit of time, directly affecting the network's utility and scalability.