Scalability solutions on Ethereum are making their way. They are the main resource for users when it comes to avoiding high fees to transact on the main layer. Second layers (layer 2 or L2) such as Arbitrum, zkSync, Base, and Optimism already process half of the operations that go through Ethereum.

According to data from the analyst identified as MarcoV at Dune Analytics, 52% of Ethereum transactions occur in second layers and not on the mainnet. L2s are like "parallel streets" that are connected to the main layer (layer 1 or L1) by bridges. Users can move their funds between both layers, which lately rely on Ethereum's blockchain infrastructure to securely record their ledgers.

Among Ethereum's L2s, zkSync is currently processing the most transactions, with 10.3 million transactions in the month of November as of press time. This represents 20.9% of the total. Meanwhile, Arbitrum accumulated 8.2 million transactions in the same month (16.6% of the total), Optimism 3.6 million (7.3%) and Base 3.4 million transactions (7% of the total).

To calculate this, MarcoV aggregates the transactions of all users on each network to determine which are the most used. For example, if a user has made 100 transactions in total, of which 60 are on chain A and 40 on chain B, this chart will show that chain A is the most used by that user.